Research products
Research products are intended as digital objects, described by metadata, resulting from a scientific process.
In this page, we descibe the properties of the ResearchProduct object.
Moreover, there are the following sub-types of a ResearchProduct, that inherit all its properties and further extend it:
The ResearchProduct object
id
Type: String • Cardinality: ONE
Main entity identifier, created according to the OpenAIRE entity identifier and PID mapping policy.
"id": "doi_dedup___::80f29c8c8ba18c46c88a285b7e739dc3"
type
Type: String • Cardinality: ONE
Type of the research products. Possible types:
publicationdatasoftwareother
as declared in the terms from the dnet:result_typologies vocabulary.
"type": "publication"
originalId
Type: String • Cardinality: MANY
Identifiers of the record at the original sources.
"originalId": [
"oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8024784",
"S0048733321000305",
"10.1016/j.respol.2021.104226",
"3136742816"
]
mainTitle
Type: String • Cardinality: ONE
A name or title by which a research product is known. It may be the title of a publication or the name of a piece of software.
"mainTitle": "The fall of the innovation empire and its possible rise through open science"
subTitle
Type: String • Cardinality: ONE
Explanatory or alternative name by which a research product is known.
"subTitle": "An analysis of cases from 1980 - 2020"
author
Type: Author • Cardinality: MANY
The main researchers involved in producing the data, or the authors of the publication.
"author": [
{
"fullName": "E. Richard Gold",
"rank": 1,
"name": "Richard",
"surname": "Gold",
"pid": {
"id": {
"scheme": "orcid",
"value": "0000-0002-3789-9238"
},
"provenance": {
"provenance": "Harvested",
"trust": "0.9"
}
}
},
...
]
bestAccessRight
Type: BestAccessRight • Cardinality: ONE
The most open access right associated to the manifestations of this research product.
"bestAccessRight": {
"code": "c_abf2",
"label": "OPEN",
"scheme": "http://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/documentation/access_rights/"
}
contributor
Type: String • Cardinality: MANY
The institution or person responsible for collecting, managing, distributing, or otherwise contributing to the development of the resource.
"contributor": [
"University of Zurich",
"Wright, Aidan G C",
"Hallquist, Michael",
...
]
country
Type: ResultCountry • Cardinality: MANY
Country associated with the research product: it is the country of the organisation that manages the institutional repository or national aggregator or CRIS system from which this record was collected. Country of affiliations of authors can be found instead in the affiliation relation.
"country": [
{
"code": "CH",
"label": "Switzerland",
"provenance": {
"provenance": "Inferred by OpenAIRE",
"trust": "0.85"
}
},
...
]
coverage
Type: String • Cardinality: MANY
dateOfCollection
Type: String • Cardinality: ONE
When OpenAIRE collected the record the last time.
"dateOfCollection": "2021-06-09T11:37:56.248Z"
description
Type: String • Cardinality: MANY
A brief description of the resource and the context in which the resource was created.
"description": [
"Open science partnerships (OSPs) are one mechanism to reverse declining efficiency. OSPs are public-private partnerships that openly share publications, data and materials.",
"There is growing concern that the innovation system's ability to create wealth and attain social benefit is declining in effectiveness. This article explores the reasons for this decline and suggests a structure, the open science partnership, as one mechanism through which to slow down or reverse this decline.",
"The article examines the empirical literature of the last century to document the decline. This literature suggests that the cost of research and innovation is increasing exponentially, that researcher productivity is declining, and, third, that these two phenomena have led to an overall flat or declining level of innovation productivity.",
...
]
embargoEndDate
Type: String • Cardinality: ONE
Date when the embargo ends and this research product turns Open Access.
"embargoEndDate": "2017-01-01"
indicators
Type: Indicator • Cardinality: ONE
The indicators computed for this research product; currently, the following types of indicators are supported:
"indicators": {
"citationImpact": {
"influence": 123,
"influenceClass": "C2",
"citationCount": 456,
"citationClass": "C3",
"popularity": 234,
"popularityClass": "C1",
"impulse": 987,
"impulseClass": "C3"
},
"usageCounts": {
"downloads": "10",
"views": "20"
}
}
instance
Type: Instance • Cardinality: MANY
Specific materialization or version of the research product. For example, you can have one research product with three instances: one is the pre-print, one is the post-print, one is the published version.
"instance": [
{
"accessRight": {
"code": "c_abf2",
"label": "OPEN",
"openAccessRoute": "gold",
"scheme": "http://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/documentation/access_rights/"
},
"alternateIdentifier": [
{
"scheme": "doi",
"value": "10.1016/j.respol.2021.104226"
},
...
],
"articleProcessingCharge": {
"amount": "4063.93",
"currency": "EUR"
},
"license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0",
"pid": [
{
"scheme": "pmc",
"value": "PMC8024784"
},
...
],
"publicationDate": "2021-01-01",
"refereed": "UNKNOWN",
"type": "Article",
"url": [
"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8024784"
]
},
...
]
language
Type: Language • Cardinality: ONE
The alpha-3/ISO 639-2 code of the language. Values controlled by the dnet:languages vocabulary.
"language": {
"code": "eng",
"label": "English"
}
lastUpdateTimeStamp
Type: Long • Cardinality: ONE
Timestamp of last update of the record in OpenAIRE.
"lastUpdateTimeStamp": 1652722279987
pid
Type: ResultPid • Cardinality: MANY
Persistent identifiers of the research product. See also the OpenAIRE entity identifier and PID mapping policy to learn more.
"pid": [
{
"scheme": "pmc",
"value": "PMC8024784"
},
{
"scheme": "doi",
"value": "10.1016/j.respol.2021.104226"
},
...
]
publicationDate
Type: String • Cardinality: ONE
Main date of the research product: typically the publication or issued date. In case of a research product with different versions with different dates, the date of the research product is selected as the most frequent well-formatted date. If not available, then the most recent and complete date among those that are well-formatted. For statistics, the year is extracted and the research product is counted only among the research products of that year. Example: Pre-print date: 2019-02-03, Article date provided by repository: 2020-02, Article date provided by Crossref: 2020, OpenAIRE will set as date 2019-02-03, because it’s the most recent among the complete and well-formed dates. If then the repository updates the metadata and set a complete date (e.g. 2020-02-12), then this will be the new date for the research product because it becomes the most recent most complete date. However, if OpenAIRE then collects the pre-print from another repository with date 2019-02-03, then this will be the “winning date” because it becomes the most frequent well-formatted date.
"publicationDate": "2021-03-18"
publisher
Type: String • Cardinality: ONE
The name of the entity that holds, archives, publishes prints, distributes, releases, issues, or produces the resource.
"publisher": "Elsevier, North-Holland Pub. Co"
source
Type: String • Cardinality: MANY
A related resource from which the described resource is derived. See definition of Dublin Core field dc:source.
"source": [
"Research Policy",
"Crossref",
...
]
subjects
Type: Subject • Cardinality: MANY
Subject, keyword, classification code, or key phrase describing the resource.
OpenAIRE classifies research products according to the Field of Science and Sustainable Development Goals taxonomies. Check out the relative sections to know more.
"subjects": [
{
"subject": {
"scheme": "FOS",
"value": "01 natural sciences"
},
"provenance": {
"provenance": "inferred by OpenAIRE",
"trust": "0.85"
}
},
{
"subject": {
"scheme": "SDG",
"value": "2. Zero hunger"
},
"provenance": {
"provenance": "inferred by OpenAIRE",
"trust": "0.83"
}
},
{
"subject": {
"scheme": "keyword",
"value": "Open science"
},
"provenance": {
"provenance": "Harvested",
"trust": "0.9"
}
},
...
]
isGreen
Type: Boolean • Cardinality: ONE
Indicates whether or not the scientific result was published following the green open access model.
openAccessColor
Type: String • Cardinality: ONE
Indicates the specific open access model used for the publication; possible value is one of bronze, gold, hybrid.
isInDiamondJournal
Type: Boolean • Cardinality: ONE
Indicates whether or not the publication was published in a diamond journal.
publiclyFunded
Type: String • Cardinality: ONE
Discloses whether the publication acknowledges grants from public sources.
Sub-types
There are the following sub-types of Result. Each inherits all its fields and extends them with the following.
Publication
Metadata records about research literature (includes types of publications listed here).
container
Type: Container • Cardinality: ONE
Container has information about the conference or journal where the research product has been presented or published.
"container": {
"edition": "",
"iss": "5",
"issnLinking": "",
"issnOnline": "1873-7625",
"issnPrinted": "0048-7333",
"name": "Research Policy",
"sp": "12",
"ep": "22",
"vol": "50"
}
Data
Metadata records about research data (includes the subtypes listed here).
size
Type: String • Cardinality: ONE
The declared size of the research data.
"size": "10129818"
version
Type: String • Cardinality: ONE
The version of the research data.
"version": "v1.3"
geolocation
Type: GeoLocation • Cardinality: MANY
The list of geolocations associated with the research data.
"geolocation": [
{
"box": "18.569386 54.468973 18.066832 54.83707",
"place": "Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Southern Germany",
"point": "7.72486 50.1084"
},
...
]
Software
Metadata records about research software (includes the subtypes listed here).
documentationUrl
Type: String • Cardinality: MANY
The URLs to the software documentation.
"documentationUrl": [
"https://github.com/openaire/iis/blob/master/README.markdown",
...
]
codeRepositoryUrl
Type: String • Cardinality: ONE
The URL to the repository with the source code.
"codeRepositoryUrl": "https://github.com/openaire/iis"
programmingLanguage
Type: String • Cardinality: ONE
The programming language.
"programmingLanguage": "Java"
Other research product
Metadata records about research products that cannot be classified as research literature, data or software (includes types of products listed here).
contactPerson
Type: String • Cardinality: MANY
Information on the person responsible for providing further information regarding the resource.
"contactPerson": [
"Noémie Dominguez",
...
]
contactGroup
Type: String • Cardinality: MANY
Information on the group responsible for providing further information regarding the resource.
"contactGroup": [
"Networked Multimedia Information Systems (NeMIS)",
...
]
tool
Type: String • Cardinality: MANY
Information about tool useful for the interpretation and/or re-use of the research product.